I have uploaded the software to my forum, but don't know where to find the parameters needed to complete the setup (DBHost, DBPort, etc.). Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

did you select SMF 2 during installation.
those settings are detected automatically.
if they aren't you may copy them from settings.php in your SMF folder

Yes I selected SMF 2. Next the page asked me for
DB Host
DB Port
DB Username
DB Password
DB Database Name
Table Prefix
Integrates with "SMF2".

No clue how to proceed.

And I receive the message 'Error - pdo_mysql driver not installed'

Your server does not have PDO installed . You need to ask your hosting provider to enable/install PDO in your server .

The hosting provider is GoDaddy. WHen I contacted them, they said that the pdo_mysql driver could not be installed on a Windows server. I'm not sure that's actually the case, and nothing here says the server has to be Linux. But I can't get GoDaddy to enable something they think is not compatible.

they said that the pdo_mysql driver could not be installed on a Windows server.

It is possible to install pdo_mysql on a Windows server . May be they just don't provide it in their hosting .
We have also replied via mail